Email this article 
Uji Mutu Fisiologis Benih pada Beberapa Varietas Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) dengan Umur Simpan yang Berbeda
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is one of the alternative food crops that is still rarely cultivated in Indonesia. The development of sorghum cultivation can be started by using quality seeds. The storage processof sorghum seeds must be well maintained, because sorghum seeds contain high carbohydrates and proteins that are hygroscopic in nature so that they affect the moisture content and physiological quality of the seeds. The purpose of this study was to obtain a nappropriates helf life for several varieties of sorghum. The research was conducted at the BRIN Appropriate Technology Laboratory, from June to August 2023. The research method used was a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment consisting of 2 factors, namely the shelf life period and sorghum varieties with 4 replications, so the rewere 24 experiments. The first factoris variety which consists of 3 levels, namelyv1 = Soper 6, v2 = Suri 3, and v3 = Kawali. The second factor was shelf life consisting of 2 levels, namelys1 = 1year and s2 = 2 years. The effect of the treatment was tested by analysis of variance and if the F test at 5% was significant, it was followed by Duncan Multiple Range further test (DMRT). The results of the experiment showed that there was an interaction between different types of varieties and shelf life on the observation parameters of moisturecontent, germination, vigorindex, growth speed, and electrical conductivity and there was no interaction on the parameter of dry weight of normal sprouts. Atstorage age, the best percentage of moisture content is 9,51%, germination power is 94,62%, vigor index is 55,63%, growth speed is 41,30%, and electrical conductivity is 25,32%.
Keywords: seed physiological quality, shelflife, sorghum
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Andriani, A. & Isnaini, M. (2012). Morfologi dan Fase Pertumbuhan Sorgum. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia.
Arief, R., F. Koes. (2010). Invigorasi benih. Prosiding Pekan Serealia Nasional. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia. Sulawesi Selatan. Balitseral, ISBN: 978-979-8940- 29-3, 473-477.
Anggraini, I. H., Kamal, M., Pramono, E., & Setiawan, K. (2020). Pengaruh lama simpan pada vigor benih dan kecambah sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotipe kawali dan P/F-10-90a. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika.8(2):327.
Balai Besar Pengembangan Pengujian Mutu Benih Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura (Balai Besar PPMB-TPH). (2010). Metode pengujian mutu benih tanaman pangan dan holtikultura. Balai Besar Pengembangan Pengujian Mutu Benih Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura, Jakarta.
Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Sulawesi Selatan. (2018). Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) padi sawah. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Sulawesi Selatan, Makassar.
Budiyanti,T., & Noflindawati. (2014). Pepaya merah dalam meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Jurnal Badan Penelitian Buah Tropika. 141-147.
Brillianti, I.P. (2009). Studi daya hantar listrik dan hubungannya dengan mutu fisiologis benih cabai (Capsicum annuum L.). Skripsi. Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor : Bogor.
Br Pandia, A.I. (2021). Pengembangan alat peraga. Journal of Chemistry in Education. 30-37.
Chang.T.T. & E.A. Bardenas. (1965). The morphology and varietals characteristics of the rice plant, Tech. Bull. IRRI 4 : 40 p.
Direktorat Jenderal Tanaman Pangan. (2022). Direktorat Jenderal Tanaman Pangan.
Efendi,R., Aqil,M., & Pabedon,M. (2013). Evaluasi genotipe sorgum manis (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) produksi biomas dan daya ratun tinggi. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan. 32 (2) : 116–125.
Fikri, M. N. A., Elza, Z. & Nurbaiti. 2015. Uji daya hasil dan mutu fisiologis benih beberapa genotype sorgum manis (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) koleksi Batan. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Pertanian (JOM Faperta). 2 (1).
Farida, Z.N.L.E., Saptadi, D., & Respatijarti. (2021). Uji vigor dan viabilitas benih dua klon karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) pada beberapa periode penyimpanan seed vigor and vablity test of two clones of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) at some storage period. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman.5(3): 484–492.
Fatonah, K., & Rozen, N. (2022). Penetapan metode uji daya hantar listrik untuk benih sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Jurnal Agroteknologi Universitas Andalas, 1(1): 19–25.
Fatonah, K., Suliansyah, I., & Rozen, N. (2021). Electrical conductivity for seed vigor test in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Cell Biology and Development.1 (1):6–12.
Gomez, K.A. & Arturo, A.G. (1995). Prosedur statistik untuk penelitian pertanian. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
Hariprasanna, K., & S. Rakshit. (2016). Economic importance of sorghum.”dalam the sorghum genome, disunting oleh S. Rakshit dan Y. H. Wang, 1-25. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Harsono,N.A., Bayfurqon, F.M., & Azizah, E. (2021). Pengaruh periode simpan dan konsentrasi ekstrak bawang merah (Allium Cepa L.) terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih timun apel (Cucumis SP.). Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan.Vol. 7 : 14-15.
Hasbianto, A. & M. Yasin. (2014). Simulasi vigor daya simpan benih kedelai menggunakan model sistem dinamik. Buletin Palawija. 0 (27) : 52-64.
Herlina & A.A Sandra. (2016). Peningkatan viabilitas benih jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) dengan hidropriming dan pemberian asam giberelat. Bul.Littro.27(2):129-136
ISTA [International Rules for Seed Testing]. 2014. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland. SUI.
ISTA. (2016). International Rules for Seed Testing. ISTA,46.
Kementerian Pertanian. (2020). Kita Dorong Sorgum Jadi Pangan Alternatif.
Khairani, M., N. Rozen, & E. Swasti. (2022). Uji daya hantar listrik untuk benih padi (Oryza sativa L.). Jurnal Pertanian Agros. 24 (1) : 496-504.
Kolo, M & A.Tefa. (2016). Pengaruh kondisi simpan terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum .Mill). Savana Cendana.1(3):112-115.
Marpaung, H.J., Pramono, E., & Kamal, M. (2015). Pengaruh organik terhadap mutu fisiologis benih beberapa varietas sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) setelah menjalani penyimpanan. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika.3 (2):185–191.
Mavi, K., Mavi, F., Demir, I., & Matthews, S. (2014). Electrical conductivity of seed soak water predicts seedling emergence and seed storage potential in commercial seed lots of radish. Seed Science and Technology. 42 (1) : 76–86.
Ma,W.G ., Zhang, Z.H., Zheng, Y.Y., Pan, W., Qiu, T., Guan, Y.J., & Hu, J. (2020). Determination of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seed vigour using controlled deterioration followed by a conductivity test. Seed Science and Technology.48(1): 1–10.
Murwantini, E., Anwar, A., & Rozen, N. (2018). Penggunaan uji konduktivitas sebagai uji vigor pada benih gandum (Triticum aestivum L.). Jurnal Agroteknologi Universitas Andalas. 2 (2).
Nurisma, I., Agustiansyah, A., & Kamal, M. (2022). Pengaruh jenis kemasan dan suhu ruang simpan terhadap viabilitas benih sorgum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. 15(3): 183–190.
Pamungkas, P. B., & Kusberyunadi, M. (2020). Studi daya hantar listrik terhadap mutu fisiologis benih kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr) dengan perlakuan invigorasi matriconditioning dan osmoconditioning. Agroteknika. 3 (1): 16–25.
Parwati, D.U. (2007). Pengaruh frekuensi penyiraman dan lama penyimpanan terhadap pertumbuhan bibit jarak pagar (Jatopha curcas. L). Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat.
Powell, A.A. (2022). Seed vigour in the 21 st century. Seed Science and Technology. 50 (2): 45–73.
Putri, A.N.Z. (2022). Bertani sorgum untuk wilayah yang kekeringan. Elementa Agri Lestari, Jakarta.
Rahmi, Y. A., & Aqil, M. (2020). Deskripsi varietas unggul jagung, sorgum dan gandum. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia. Badan Litnag Pertanian.
Rahayu, E., & E. Widajati. 2007. Pengaruh kemasan, kondisi ruang simpan dan periode simpan terhadap viabilitas benih caisin (Brassica chinensis L.). Bul. Agron. 35 (3) :191–196.
Ratnavathi & Patil. (2013). Sorghum utilization of food. Journal Nutr Food Sci, 4 : 247.
Rismunandar. (2006). Sorgum tanaman serba guna. Sinar Baru, Bandung.71 hal.
Risky, R., M. Syahril, & B. Rizal. (2017). Viabilitas dan vigoritas benih kedelai akibat perendaman dalam ekstrak telur keong mas. Jurnal Universitas Samudra 4 (1) : 10–22.
Sadjad, S. (1994). Metode uji langsung viabilitas benih. IPB, Bogor.
Sucahyono, D. (2013). Invigorasi benih kedelai. Buletin Palawija. 25 : 18-23.
Sutopo, L. (2012). Teknologi Benih. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.
Slamet, A., Hisra, & Rajab. (2020). The characteristics of the morphological genotypes of local sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench) from Buton Selatan. Scientia Educatia: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains. 9 (1) : 87-95
Tacoh, E., Rumambi, A. & Kaunang, W. (2017). Respons pertumbuhan dan produksi tiga varietas sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench) dengan perbedaan sistem pengolahan tanah. Jurnal Zootek. 37 (1) : 88-95.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2023). Plant profile: Sorghum Moench.
Widajati, Eni , Endang Murniati, Endah R. Palupi, Tatiek Kartika, M. R Suhartanto, & Abdul Qadir. (2017). Dasar ilmu dan teknologi benih. IPB Press, Bogor.
Zanzibar, M. (2016). Pendugaan viabilitas benih tanaman hutan secara cepat. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36987/agroplasma.v11i1.5344
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Jurnal Agroplasma
All publications by Jurnal Agroplasma [p-ISSN: 2303-2944] [E-ISSN:2715-033X] is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.