Hubungan Kekerabatan Varietas Unggul Padi Sawah (Oryza Sativa L.) berdasarkan Kemiripan Morfologi

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop that produces rice, a carbohydrate source for a significant portion of the world's population. New superior varieties increase rice yields, are responsive to fertilization, tolerant to major pests, and proven to enhance productivity. Information on the diversity of parental sources and genetic relationships is crucial for assembling superior varieties. This study aims to determine the similarity levels and genetic relationships among dominant new superior varieties of irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Indonesia based on morphological characteristics, and to provide descriptions of several new superior varieties (NSVs). The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (BB Padi) located in Sukamandijaya Village, Ciasem District, Subang Regency, West Java. The study was carried out from February - June 2021. The research method used was descriptive, with 22 new superior varieties of irrigated rice as treatments. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, resulting in 66 experimental units. Morphological character observation data of the 22 superior varieties of irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) were analyzed using clustering analysis with the UPGMA method using MultiVariate Statistical Package (MVSP 3.22) software. The research results showed that the cluster analysis formed 8 main groups with a similarity coefficient of 0.82 (82%). There were 15 varieties with the closest genetic relationships, and the furthest genetic relationship was found in varieties such as Inpari 32, Inpari 43, Inpari 10 Laeya, and IR42.

Keywords: characterization, coefficient similarity, morphology, rice varieties, cluster analysis.