Land cover vegetation plays a critical role in supporting the presence and abundance of pollinator insect communities, which directly influences the pollination success and sap production of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.). This study aimed to identify the diversity, abundance, and daily activity patterns of pollinator insects associated with sugar palm flowers under varying land cover vegetation in Angkola Barat District, South Tapanuli Regency. An exploratory observational approach with field survey and purposive sampling was conducted on 3 flowering sugar palm trees. Insect visitation activity was observed in the morning (07:00–11:00 WIB) and afternoon (15:00–18:00 WIB) using sweep nets as flower covers, followed by a vegetation inventory in the surrounding area. A total of 1,555 pollinator insects were collected, with higher abundance recorded in the afternoon (818 individuals) than in the morning (737 individuals). All identified insects belonged to the order Coleoptera, comprising 5 families/genera: Staphylinidae (843 individuals; 54.21%), Carabidae (268 individuals; 17.23%), Dermestidae (238 individuals; 15.31%), Cantharidae (178 individuals; 11.45%), and Dryophoridae (28 individuals; 1.80%). The vegetation inventory identified 11 plant species forming canopy stratification (trees, shrubs, and ground cover). The pollinator insect community on sugar palms in the study area was strongly dominated by the Staphylinidae family, exhibiting higher activity in the afternoon. The complexity of the surrounding supporting vegetation contributes to maintaining habitat availability and the stability of the pollination ecosystem.

Keywords: Arenga pinnata, Coleoptera, Land Cover, Pollinator Insects, Relative Abundance

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