Dampak Informasi Bisnis dan Jaringan Bisnis terhadap Kinerja Keuangan: Peran Mediasi Akses terhadap Pembiayaan pada Perusahaan Sosial di Indonesia

Mulya Rafika, Mhd. Amin

Abstract


Perusahaan sosial di Indonesia telah berkembang sebagai instrumen strategis dalam mendorong inklusi sosial dan ekonomi melalui model bisnis berorientasi ganda yakni pencapaian keberlanjutan finansial dan dampak sosial. Namun, dalam praktiknya, sebagian besar perusahaan sosial menghadapi kendala dalam mempertahankan kinerja keuangan akibat keterbatasan akses terhadap pembiayaan, lemahnya jaringan bisnis, dan rendahnya pemanfaatan informasi bisnis. Kondisi ini menimbulkan kebutuhan untuk memahami faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan performa keuangan organisasi sosial dalam konteks ekonomi yang dinamis dan kompetitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh informasi bisnis dan jaringan bisnis terhadap kinerja keuangan, dengan akses terhadap pembiayaan sebagai variabel mediasi pada perusahaan sosial di Indonesia. Kajian ini didasarkan pada Resource-Based View (RBV) dan Signaling Theory sebagai landasan teoretis dalam menjelaskan bagaimana sumber daya internal dan sinyal eksternal dapat meningkatkan kredibilitas organisasi serta memperkuat kinerja finansialnya. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif eksplanatori, dengan metode analisis staggered difference-in-differences (DID) dan Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) untuk menguji hubungan kausal antarvariabel. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei terhadap 150 perusahaan sosial yang terdaftar dalam jaringan Social Enterprise Network Indonesia dan Impact Hub Jakarta. Hasil penelitian diharapkan memberikan kontribusi teoretis dalam pengembangan model mediasi antara sumber daya informasi, jejaring bisnis, dan akses pembiayaan, serta menawarkan implikasi praktis bagi pengambil kebijakan dan pelaku usaha sosial untuk memperkuat keberlanjutan finansial sektor ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa informasi bisnis, jaringan bisnis, dan akses terhadap pembiayaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan. Selain itu, akses terhadap pembiayaan terbukti memediasi hubungan informasi bisnis dan jaringan bisnis terhadap kinerja keuangan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kualitas informasi, kekuatan jejaring, dan kemudahan pembiayaan merupakan elemen strategis yang saling memperkuat dalam meningkatkan keberlanjutan finansial perusahaan sosial. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoretis dalam memperluas pemahaman mengenai peran sumber daya internal dan relasional, serta memberikan implikasi praktis bagi pengelola perusahaan sosial dan pemangku kebijakan dalam memperkuat ekosistem pembiayaan sosial di Indonesia.

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