Histopathological Changes of Midgut Epithelial Cells of Aedes aegypti Larvae Exposed to Permot Leaf Extract (Passiflora foetida)

Rina Priastini Susilowati, Monica Puspa Sari

Abstract


The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Various prevention efforts were carried out to reduce the population of Ae. aegypti. One way to break the chain of Ae. aegypti is to kill the development of its larvae, namely with synthetic or vegetable larvicides. Permot (Passiflora foetida) is one type of plant that can be used as a vegetable insecticide because it contains active chemical compounds such as alkaloids and flavonoids. Larvae of Ae. aegypti used was instar III with a total of 600, which was divided into 6 treatment groups (1 negative control group, 1 positive control group using 1% temephos, permot leaf extract with dose levels of 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% ) and 4 replicates. Data on mortality of Ae. aegypti was calculated to determine the effective dose (LC50 and LC90) using the Probit test, while histopathological changes were calculated to determine the toxicity of the permot leaf extract using the one-way Anova test. The results showed that the LC50 value was 1.85% and LC90 was 2.35%, which means that the effective dose of permot leaf extract was 2.35%. In the treatment of 4% permot leaf extract, it showed histopathological changes in the midgut epithelial cells of Ae. aegypti larvae, midgut epithelial cells became lysed, changed shape, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and separated from the basement membrane. Peritrophic membranes, microvilli and brush border were partially or totally damaged.

 


Keywords


Keywords : Aedes aegypti, extract, midgut, permot leaf

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adewusi, E.A., Moodley, N., Steenkamp, V. (2010). Medicinal Plants with Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity: A Review. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(49): 8257-8276.

Astriani, Y., Widawati, M. (2016). Potensi Tanaman di Indonesia Sebagai Larvasida Alami Untuk Aedes aegypti. Jurnal Sarana Penyebaran Informasi Hasil Kegiatan Litbang (SPIRAKEL), 8(2): 42.

Cania, E., Setyaningrum, E. (2013). Uji Efektivitas Larvasida Ekstrak Daun Legundi (Vitex trifolia) Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti. Medical Journal of Lampung University, 2(4): 53-58.

Chisom, I.F., Nkumah, O.C., Okkeke, C.U. (2014). A Comparative Foliar Anatomical and Morphological Study on Anacardium occidentale L. and Spondias mombin L. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2(2): 27.

Costa, M.S., Cossolin, J.F.S., Pereira, M.J.B., Sant’Ana, A.E.G., Lim,a M.D., Zannuncio, J.C., et al. (2014). Larvicidal and Cytotoxic Potential of Squamocin on the Midgut of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Toxins: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) Journal, 6(4): 1170, 1173.

Hazarika, H., Tyagi, V., Krishnatreyya, H., Kishor, S., Karmakar, S., Bhattacharyya, D.R., et al. (2018). Toxicity of Essential Oils on Aedes aegypti: A Vector of Chikungunya and Dengue Fever. International Journal of Mosquito Research. 5(3): 52-3.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Profil kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2019. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Halaman: 189-191.

Patel, S.S., Soni, H., Mishra, K., Singhai, A.K. (2011). Recent Updates on the Genus Passiflora: A Review. Int J Res Phytochem Pharmacol, 1(1): 1-16.

Pavananundt, P., Jiraungkoorskul, K., Kosai, P., Jiraungkoorskul, W. (2013). Larvicidal Properties of Cassia siamea leaf Against Aedes aegypti Larvae. International Journal of Modern Agriculture, 2 (1): 2-5.

Perumalsamy, H., Kim, J.R., Oh, S.M., Jung, J.W., Ahn, Y.J., Kwon, H.W. (2013). Novel Histopathological and Molecular Effects of Natural Compound Pellitorine on Larval Midgut Epithelium and Anal Gills of Aedes aegypti. Plos One, 8 (11): 2-5.

Rohmah, E.A., Subekti, S., Rudyanto, M. (2020). Larvicidal Activity and Histopathological Effect of Averrhoa bilimbi Fruit Extract on Aedes aegypti from Surabaya, Indonesia. Journal of Parasitology Research, 3-4.

Senthil-Nathan, S. (2020). A Review of Resistance Mechanisms of Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals, Phytochemicals, and Essential Oils as Alternative Larvicidal Agents Mosquitoes. Frontiers in Physiology, 10: 1602.

Sharma, A., Kumar, S., Tripathi, P. (2018). Effects of Achyranthes aspera Extracts on the Survival and Midgut Histo-architecture of Aedes aegypti L. Early IV Instars. The Open Parasitology Journal, 6: 43-7.

Soparat, S. (2010). Chemical ecology and function of alkaloids. Available at http://pirun.ku.ac.th/~g 4686045/media/alkaloid.pdf. Accessed on November 24, 2021.

Susilowati, R.P. (2017). Efektivitas Daun Permot (Passiflora foetida) Sebagai Obat Nyamuk Dan Pengaruhnya Pada Sel Darah Mencit. J Kedokt Meditek 23(62): 1-10.

Susilowati, R.P., Sari, M.P., FarFar, I.O. (2019). Efektivitas ekstrak daun permot dan biji bunga krisan terhadap kematian Aedes aegypti dan aktivitas asetilkolinesterasenya. In: The comprehensive review of infectious diseases. Prosiding Seminar Nasional “TROPICS, Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta, 27 April 2019.

Tandoro, Y., Widyawati, P.S., Budianta, T.D.W., Sumargo, G. (2020). Phytochemical Identification and Antioxidant Activity of Passiflora foetida Fruits and Leaves Extracts: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 12(6): 55-58.

Thanigaivel, A., Nathan, S.S., Srinivasan, P.V., Edwin, E.S., Ponsankar, A., Rani, S.S., et al. (2017). Chemicals isolated from Justicia adhatoda Linn reduce fitness of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. NY: John Wiley & Sons. 94(4): 7-8.

Ustiawaty, J., Zacharia, E. (2018). Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mangrove Rhizophora stylosa Sebagai Biolarvasida Terhadap Perubahan Histologi Sel Epitel Midgut Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmiah Kesehatan, 4(2): 134-6.

Vrancheva, R.Z., Ivanov, I.G., Aneva, I.Y., Dincheva, I.N., Badjakov, I.K., Pavlov, A.I. (2016). Alkaloid Profiles and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Fumaria Species from Bulgaria. University of Food Technologies.

Wahyuni, D., Loren, I. (2015). Perbedaan Toksisitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) dan Ekstrak Biji Srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti L. Jurnal Saintifika Universitas Jember. 17(1): 44-6.

Wang, Z., Perumalsamy, H., Wang, X., Ahn, Y.J. (2019). Toxicity and Possible Mechanisms of Action of Honokiol from Magnolia denudata Seeds Against Four Mosquito Species. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 416, 418.

Wikandari, R.J., Surati. (2018). Efek Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC) Terhadap Morfologi dan Histologi Larva Aedes aegypti. Jurnal Aspirator, 10(2): 120, 122.

Winslow, L. 2002. The effects of pyrethrins and pyrethroids on human physiology. [sitasi]. Available at http://www.thenakedtruthproject.com/files/pyrethrins_pyrethroids.pdf. Accessed on September 20, 2021.

Yousaf, A., Zuharah, W.F. (2015). Lethal Response of the Dengue Vectors to the Plant Extracts from Family Anacardiaceae. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(10): 813-815.

Yue, Y., Liu, X., Xu, M., Ren, D., Liu, Q. (2019). Epidemiological Dynamics of Dengue Fever in Mainland China, 2014–2018. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 86: 82.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v8i1.2465

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Rina Priastini Susilowati, Monica Puspa Sari

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jurnal Pembelajaran dan Biologi Nukleus (JPBN) by LPPM Universitas Labuhanbatu is under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY - SA 4.0). Official contact: Rivo +6281362238917