Evaluation of The Reproductive Behavior of Male Timor Deer (Cervus timorensis) Agains Weather Changes

Tetty Barunawati Siagian, Nabilla Rachma Putri

Abstract


Indonesia has two seasons, namely rainy and dry. During this season, weather changes can occur. These weather changes can affect the reproductive conditions of male deer that are in heat. This study aims to evaluate the reproductive behavior of male Timor deer against weather changes in Ranca Upas Deer Captivity. Observations were made for 14 days on 3 males deer. Observation of male Timor deer reproductive behavior was carried out on the parameters of vocalization, fighting, licking the female, kissing the female genitalia, riding the female, mating, flehmen, wallowing, rubbing the body, and following the female. Observations were made by recording each reproductive activity based on its frequency. Observations were made for 6 hours, namely in the morning and afternoon. Observations were made at a fairly close distance of about 5-10 meters from the deer. Observations were also made of weather, temperature, and humidity. The results of observing the temperature at Ranca Upas Deer Captivity showed that the average temperature in the morning was 18℃ and afternoon 16℃. The average humidity in the morning is 77% and 81% in the afternoon. Observations on the reproductive behavior of male Timor deer showed the effect of weather on sexual reproductive behavior. Cold weather causes mating frequency and sexual activity to increase compared to summer. This condition can be seen from the increase in reproductive activity based on behavior, namely licking the female, kissing the female genitalia, riding the female, mating, flehmen, rubbing the body against the female and following the female

Keywords


Copulation; Male; Reproduction; Timor Deer; Weather

Full Text:

PDF

References


Airst, J., & Lingle, S. (2019). Courtship strategies of white-tailed deer and mule deer males when living in sympatry. Behaviour, 156, 307–330.

Anwar, P., & Jiyanto, J. (2019). Identification of the Testosterone Hormone of Riau Germplasm Kuantan Cattle as a Determinant of Superior Male Criteria Classification. J Peternak Indonesia, 21(3), 230–239. https://doi.org/10.25077/jpi.21.3.230-239.2019. [Indonesian language]

Aprianto, R., Fitriyanto, S., Walidain, S. N., & Hermansyah. (2023). Artificial Neural Network Backpropagation for Predicting Rainfall (Case Study in Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin Meteorological Station). Titian Ilmu: Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Sciences, 15(1), 63–70.

Comte, S., Thomas, E., Bengsen, A. J., Bennett, A., Davis, N. E., Freney, S., Jackson, S. M., White, H. M., Forsyth, D. M., & Brown, D. (2022). Seasonal and daily activity of non-native sambar deer in and around high-elevation peatlands, south-eastern Australia Seasonal and daily activity of non-native sambar deer in and around high-elevation peatlands , south-eastern Australia. Wildlife Research, 49(7), 659–672. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR21147.

Dikmen, B. Y. (2024). Effects of season, sex, and time of day on ostrich breeder (Struthio camelus) behaviour. Journal of Animal& Plant Sciences, 34(1), 227-241.

Gomes, M. A., Ditchkoff, S. S., Zohdy, S., Gulsby, W, D., & Newbolt, S. H. (2023). Patterns of testosterone in male white- ­ tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): Seasonal and lifetime variation. Ecology and Evolution, 11, 5320–5330. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7423.

Gunawan, S., Asrizal, Hufri, Dwiridal, L., Arifin, I. B., & Rahmatia, F. (2022). Effect of Air Temperature , Air Humidity , and Air Pressure on Rainfall Based on Measurement Result in Kototabang. Pillar of Physics, 15(2), 96–104. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/ 10.24036/13007171074.

Gusmalinda, R., Dewi, B. S., & Masruri, N, W. (2018). Social behaviour of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) and spotted deer (Axis axis) in the breeding enclosure of PT. Gunung Madu Plantations, Central Lampung. J Sylv Lestari, 6(1), 74–84. https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl1676-85. [Indonesian language]

Huda, N. K. (2017). Effect of sambiloto extract (Andrographis paniculata nees.) on estrus cycle of mice (Mus musculus L. swiss webster). Eksakta Berk. Ilm. Bid. MIPA, 18(2), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol18-iss02/55. [Indonesian language]

Husna, N. L., Kasiyati, K., Djaelani, M. A. (2024). Study of daily behaviour of timor deer (Rusa timorensis) in PT Taman Satwa Semarang conservation institution. Jurnal Sain Veteriner, 4(2), 202-211.

Lay, V. Y., Michael, L., Kaho, R., & Norman, P. L. B. (2022). Daily behaviour of timor deer (Rusa timorensis) at Bu'at Research Station, South Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Wana Lestari, 6(1), 113–120. [Indonesian language]

Maha, I. T., Manafe, R. Y., Amalo, F. A., & Selan, Y. N. (2021). Morphological characteristics of timor deer (Rusa timorensis) with Ex Situ Maintenance in Kupang City. Acta Vet, 9(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.29244/avi.9.1.1-13. [Indonesian language]

Milla´n, F. M., Carranza, J., Pe´rez-Gonza´lez, J., Valencia, J., Torres-Porras, J., M., S. J., De la Peña, E., Alarcos, S., Sa´nchez-Prieto, C. B., Castillo, L., Flores, A., & Membrill, A. (2021). Rainfall decrease and red deer rutting behaviour : Weaker and delayed rutting activity though higher opportunity for sexual selection. PLoS ONE, 16(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244802.

Monika, L., Rahmafitria, F., & Supriatna, U. (2018). Planning of non-personal historical interpretation media at Kawah Putih Tourism Centre, Bandung Regency. J Pendidik. Ilmu Sos, 27(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpis.v27i1.10328. [Indonesian language]

Muar, I. F. N., Pattinasarany, C. K., & Latupapu, L. (2021). Habitat of timor deer (Cervus timorensis) in Atiahu Village, District. Siwalalat, Regency, East Seram. J. Univ. Pattimura, 5(2), 189–199. https://doi.org/10.30598/jhppk.2021.5.2.189. [Indonesian language]

Murad, A., Ithnin, H., Putra, T. R., Ngau, C., Fitri, W. N. (2023). Observational study on reproduction behaviour in wild sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) forwildlife conservation and assisted reproduction management. World Veterinary Journal, 13(4), 531-538.

Nurcholis, N., & Muchlis, D. (2018). Preliminary study of the reproduction nature of deer (Cervus timorensis) in community management. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), 9(12), 192-197.

Nurinsi, Z. S. (2019). Daily behaviour and feeding preferences of timor deer (Rusa timorensis) in Bumi Patra Deer Park, Indramayu. Undegraduate Thesis of Institut Pertanian Bogor University. Accessed on 4th November 2024. [Indonesian language]

Prakoso, D. (2018). Analysis of the effect of air pressure, air humidity and air temperature on rainfall levels in Semarang City. Undegraduate thesis of Negeri Semarang University. http://lib.unnes.ac.id/36742/1/4112314008.pdf. Accessed on 16th November 2024. [Indonesian language]

Purba, R. D., Dewi, B. S., & Harianto, S. P. (2023). Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) sexual behavior in Lampung University deer captivity. JOFPE Journal, 3(1), 54-63.

Rosviani, L. (2018). Captive management of timor deer (Rusa timorensis) in Bumi Patra Deer Park, Indramayu, West Java. Undegraduate thesis of Institut Pertanian Bogor University. Accessed on 4th November 2024. [Indonesian language]

Setiyoargo, A., Ariyanti, R., & Maxelly, R. O. (2021). The relationship between the completeness of the emergency department form and the accuracy of the ICD 10 code for external causes of accident cases at Panti Nirmala Hospital Malang. Manaj. Inf. Kesehatan Indonesia, 9(2), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.33560/jmiki.v9i2.330. [Indonesian language]

Silalahi, S. S., Samsudewa, D., Setiatin, E. T., & Ondho, Y. S. (2021). Aggressive behaviour of captive male Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) in diurnal and nocturnal phases. J Livest. Anim. Res, 19(10), 40–47. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.20961/lar.v19i1.42480. [Indonesian language]

Sitepu, L. (2020). Reproductive behaviour of male timor deer (Cervus timorensis) during diurnal and nocturnal phases in captivity. Undegraduate thesis of Semarang University. https://eprints2.undip.ac.id/id/eprint/4302/. Accessed on 4th November 2024. [Indonesian language]

Sukmasuang, R., Bhumpakphan, N., Mcshea, W. J., Wajjwalku, W., Boripat Siriaroonrat, B., Kamolnoranart, S., Yindee, M., Nipanan, T., Maleehuan, B., Khanthathongsakuldee, K., Pongcharoen, C., Sutummawong, N., & Thomas, W. (2022). Review: The status of the endangered Eld ’ s deer (Rucervus eldii) and conservation actions in Thailand. Biodiversitas, 23(10), 5020–5034. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d231008.

Suparta, E., Syaputra, M., & Sari, D.P. (2022). Feed palatability of timor deer (Rusa timorensis) in Goa Breeding, Jereweh District, West Sumbawa Regency. Conference prosiding of Seminar Nasional Mahasiswa Kehutanan Indonesia, 1(1), 86–93. [Indonesian language]




DOI: https://doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v11i1.6193

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Tetty Barunawati Siagian, Nabilla Rachma Putri

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jurnal Pembelajaran dan Biologi Nukleus (JPBN) by LPPM Universitas Labuhanbatu is under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY - SA 4.0). Official contact: Rivo +6281362238917