INTEGRATION OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING AND NUMBER MONOPOLY: STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' MATHEMATICAL LITERACY
Abstract
Purpose – Mathematical literacy is an essential competency for every student as it plays a vital role in understanding and solving mathematical problems. However, in practice, this ability remains relatively low among elementary school students. This study aims to investigate improvements in mathematical literacy among second-grade students through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model, supported by the Monopoly Number Game as a learning medium.
Methodology – The research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design, conducted in two cycles, with 21 second-grade students of SD Negeri 3 Bancarkembar as the participants. Data were collected through tests and observations to assess students' development of mathematical literacy.
Findings – The findings reveal a significant improvement after applying PBL with the monopoly game. The Percentage of students' mathematical literacy increased from 33.33% in the pre-cycle to 57.14% in the first cycle and reached 85.71% in the second cycle. These results demonstrate that integrating the PBL model with an engaging game-based medium can foster meaningful, enjoyable, and effective learning, ultimately enhancing elementary school students' mathematical literacy.
Contribution – The study's findings suggest that an innovative integration of PBL and educational games can be an alternative strategy to improve students' literacy skills in mathematics at the primary school level.Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
(IMD), I. for M. D. (2022). Institute for Management Development (IMD) World Competitive Yearbook. In the International Institute for Management Development.
Admoko, T. R. C. D. B. K. P. S. (2019). The effect of problem-based learning on critical thinking ability in mathematics education. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1157(4), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1157/4/042063
Agusdianita, N., Danim, S., Susanta, A., Yusnia, Y., Izzania, R. D. S. M., & Irmayanti, M. (2024). Problem-Based Learning Materials Integrated with Differentiated Approaches to Enhance Elementary School Students’ Learning Outcomes. Profesi Pendidikan Dasar, 161–182. https://doi.org/10.23917/ppd.v11i2.6441
Ahmad Gufron, Isti Hidayah, Ardhi Prabowo, Wardono, & Scolastika Mariani. (2025). The effectiveness of problem-based learning in enhancing mathematical literacy: A systematic meta-analysis. Journal Elemen, 11(2), 483–501. https://doi.org/10.29408/jel.v11i2.30002
Amanda, F. F., Sumitro, S. B., Lestari, S. R., & Ibrohim. (2024). Enhancing Critical Thinking And Problem Solving Skills By Complexity Science-Problem Based Learning Model | Mejora del Pensamiento Crítico y las Habilidades para la Resolución de Problemas mediante el Modelo de Aprendizaje basado en la Complejidad de la C. Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research, 14(1), 96–114.
Ananda, E. R., & Wandini, R. R. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematika Siswa Ditinjau dari Self Efficacy Siswa. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(5), 5113–5126. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i5.2659
Asri, I. H., Jampel, I. N., Putu Arnyana, I. B., Suastra, I. W., & Nitiasih, P. K. (2024). Profile of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model in Improving Students' Problem-Solving and Critical-Thinking Ability. KnE Social Sciences, 2024, 769–778. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i2.14898
Ayuningtyas, S., & Nurafni, N. (2025). The Influence of Learning Styles on Mathematical Literacy in Fifth-Grade Students: A Qualitative Study of Unit Measurement. Plusminus: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 5(2), 407–420. https://doi.org/10.31980/plusminus.v5i2.3034
Boye, E. S., & Agyei, D. D. (2023). Effectiveness of problem-based learning strategy in improving teaching and learning of mathematics for pre-service teachers in Ghana. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 7(1), 100453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100453
Daulay, K. M. R. M. B. S. L. A. (2023). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematika Siswa. OMEGA: Jurnal Keilmuan Pendidikan Matematika, 2(3), 142–148. https://doi.org/10.52484/as_sibyan.v6i2.526
Desyawati, K., Goreti, M., Kristiantari, R., Agung, G., & Negara, O. (2021). Media Permainan Monopoli Berbasis Problem Based Learning Pada Pembelajaran Tematik di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 5(2), 168–174. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JJL/index
Erika Setiowati, Syamsul Hadi, Maria Ulfa, Ahmad Dainuri, Fajar Sholeh, Miftahus Surur, & Zainul Munawwir. (2024). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematika Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Jurnal Kajian Penelitian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 2(2), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.59031/jkppk.v2i2.321
Evelyn, N., Aldila, T., Nugroho, A., Studi, P., Guru, P., Dasar, S., & Purwokerto, U. M. (2025). Upaya meningkatkan sikap kerjasama kelompok menggunakan model problem based learning (PBL ) berbasis eksperimen materi bencana alam kelas V SDN Pahonjean 03. 08(05), 1052–1056.
Firdaus, N. M., & Takdir, M. (2023). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan & Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar, 3(1), 31–38.
Fitriani, D. A., & Setyaningsih, R. (2024). Peningkatan Literasi Matematis dalam Pembelajaran Matematika melalui Model Problem Based Learning pada Siswa Kelas XI. Journal on Education, 07(01), 1494–1503.
Gumisirizah, N., Muwonge, C. M., & Nzabahimana, J. (2024). Effect of problem-based learning on students' problem-solving ability in learning physics. Physics Education, 59(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/ad0577
Hadi, S, & Novaliyosi. (2019). Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Prosiding Seminar Nasional & Call For Papers, 562–569.
Hamidah, I., Zulkardi, P., R. I. I., & Pramuditya, S. A. (2025). Developing a Mathematical Literacy Learning Environment for Students through Educational Game Assistance. Mathematics Education Journal, 19(1), 141–162. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.v19i1.pp141-162
Harahap, D. G. S., Nasution, F., Nst, E. S., & Sormin, S. A. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(2), 2089–2098. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(2), 2089–2098.
Herlina, A., Syaifuddin, M., & Wurianto, A. B. (2025). Verbal Representation Abilities and Processes in HOTS Problem Solving Based on Adversity Quotient. Jurnal Eduscience, 12(6), 1685–1700.
Hidajat, F. A. (2023). A comparison between problem-based conventional learning and creative problem-based learning on self-regulation skills: Experimental study. Heliyon, 9(9), e19512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19512
Iwan, I., Jeni, J., & Nurfathurrahmah, N. (2025). Biodiversity Module Based on Problem-Based Learning Local Wisdom Assisted by Augmented Reality : Improving Students' Critical Thinking. Jurnal Eduscience, 12(2), 497–510.
Kartikasari, I., Nugroho, A., & Muslim, A. H. (2021). Penerapan Model PBL Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Gentala Pendidikan Dasar, 6(1), 44–56. http://online-journal.unja.ac.id/index.php/gentala
Kemmis, S., & McTaggart, R. (1988). The Action Research Planner. Victoria Deakin University Press. Victoria Dainkin University Press.
Kök, F. Z., & Duman, B. (2023). The effect of problem-based learning on problem-solving skills in English language teaching. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 7(1), 154–173. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202318642
Kolar, V. M., & Hodnik, T. (2021). Mathematical Literacy from the Perspective of Solving Contextual Problems. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(1), 467–483. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12973/EU-JER.10.1.467
Kolar, V. M., & Hodnik, T. (2021). Mathematical literacy from the perspective of solving contextual problems. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(1), 467–483. https://doi.org/10.12973/EU-JER.10.1.467
Kunandar. (2013). Langkah Mudah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Sebagai Pengembangan Profesi Guru. Rajawali Pers.
Kurniasih, P. D., Nugroho, A., & Harmianto, S. (2020). Peningkatkan Higher Order Thinking Skills (Hots) Dan Kerjasama Antar Peserta Didik Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (Pbl) Dengan Media Kokami Di Kelas Iv Sd Negeri 2 Dukuhwaluh. At-Ta'Dib, 4(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.32832/at-tadib.v4i1.19405
Kusuma, D., Sukestiyarno, Y. L., & ... (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematika pada Siswa Peserta Olimpiade. Prosiding Seminar …, 232–238. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/index.php/snpasca/article/view/1456%0Ahttps://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/index.php/snpasca/article/download/1456/956
Lestari, P. D., Baiduri, B., & Ummah, S. K. (2024). Problem-based learning with the iSpring-assisted inquiry method on critical thinking skills. Journal of Education and Learning, 18(1), 148–153. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i1.21089
Liana, L., Kosim, K., & Taufik, M. (2023). Influence of the Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by PhET Simulations on Students’ Problem-Solving Abilities and Mastery of Physics Concepts. AMPLITUDO : Journal of Science and Technology Innovation, 2(2), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.56566/amplitudo.v2i2.103
M. Duskri, Afrizal, & Susanti. (2024). Analysis of Students’ Mathematical Literacy in Solving Problem-Solving Questions Based on Self-Regulated Learning. Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 13(3), 575–584. https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v13i3.2180
Madyaratri, D. Y., Wardono, & Prasetyo, A. P. B. (2019). Kemampuan Literasi Matematika Siswa pada Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan Tinjauan Gaya Belajar. Prisma, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Matematika, 648–658.
Mardhiyah, R. H., Fajriyah Aldriani, S. N., Chitta, F., & Zulfikar, M. R. (2021). Pentingnya Keterampilan Belajar di Abad 21 sebagai Tuntutan dalam Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia. Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(1), 29–40.
Maslihah, S., Waluya, S. B., Rochmad, K., Karomah, N., & Iqbal, K. (2021). Increasing mathematical literacy and learning independence through a problem-based learning model with a realistic mathematical education approach. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1918(4). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1918/4/042123
Monsang, P., Srikoon, S., & Wichaino, N. (2021). The effects of problem-based learning for enhancing science problem-solving skills. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1835(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1835/1/012016
Nugroho & Azizah. (2024). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tounament Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Prestasi Belajar Pendidikan Pancasila Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Ika: Ikatan Alumni PGSD Unars, 15(1), 57–67.
OECD. (2021). PISA 2021 Mathematics Framework (Second Draft). Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952., November 2018, 5–24. http://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/pisa-2021-mathematics-framework-draft.pdf
Prastika, A., Susilo, A., & Isbadiyah. (2024). The Application Of The Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model To Improve The Learning Outcomes Of History Class X SMK PGRI Air Beliti. Jurnal Eduscience, 11(2), 356–367.
Putri Assani Rohmatus Sa’adah, & Agung Nugroho. (2020). Implementasi Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Papan Kantong Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri 2 Bantar Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 8(1), 135–141.
Putri Sabiq Shidiqia Rabany, Agung Nugroho, & Ratih Febrianti. (2025). Implementasi Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan Pendekatan Culturally Responsive Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Numerasi Siswa Kelas V. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies, 8(3), 2285–2291.
Rahma, N. A., Sugilar, H., & Suprianti, D. (2024). Peran Literasi Matematika pada Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Jurnal Analisa, 10(2), 116–126. https://doi.org/10.15575/ja.v10i2.40262
Sastrawati, E., & Budiono, H. (2025). Mathematics Comics Based on Problem-Based Learning with Illustrations of Jambi Culture. Jurnal Eduscience, 12(1), 217–231.
Simarmata, Y., Wedyawati, N., & Rejeki Hutagaol, A. S. (2020). Analisis Literasi Matematika Pada Penyelesaian Soal Cerita Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 2(1), 100–105, 2(1), 100–105.
Suradika, A., Dewi, H. I., & Nasution, M. I. (2023). Project-Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning Models in Critical and Creative Students. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 12(1), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v12i1.39713
Susilawati, S., & Supriyatno, T. (2023). Problem-Based Learning model to improve elementary school students' critical thinking abilities. Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research, 3(1), 638–647. https://doi.org/10.25082/amler.2023.01.013
Wijnia, L., Noordzij, G., Arends, L. R., Rikers, R. M. J. P., & Loyens, S. M. M. (2024). The Effects of Problem-Based, Project-Based, and Case-Based Learning on Students' Motivation: A Meta-Analysis. In Educational Psychology Review (Vol. 36, Issue 1). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09864-3
Wiratama, P. P., Sunu, W., Dwandaru, B., Kuswanto, H., & Laeli, S. (2025). Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning in Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills in Science Education : Meta-Analysis. Jurnal Eduscience, 12(4), 1015–1028.
Yekti, S. M. P., & Mufarrihah, I. (2022). Analysis of Students' Numerical Literacy Ability at the Elementary School Level. Pedagogik Journal of Islamic Elementary School, 5(1), 153–160.
Yuslia Fendy, L. E., Mariana, N., & Ekawati, R. (2025). the Effectiveness of Ethnomathematics-Based Lkpd Development in Improving Mathematical Literacy. JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Dan Pembelajaran Informatika), 10(2), 1585–1594. https://doi.org/10.29100/jipi.v10i2.7713
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36987/jes.v13i3.9194
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agung Nugroho, Yolanda Oktaufika, Anggun Pria Wibowo

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.








1.jpg)






