Kasus-Kasus Keracunan Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites di Indonesia || Poisoning Cases of Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites in Indonesia

Ivan Permana Putra

Abstract


Jamur liar edible merupakan plasma nutfah yang dikonsumsi oleh sebagian masyarakat di Indonesia. Namun, karena secara morfologi seringkali terlihat mirip antara satu jamur dengan jamur lainnya, keracunan akibat mengkonsumsi jamur liar dapat terjadi akibat kesalahan pengenalan (identifikasi) saat merambah. Salah satu jamur beracun yang seringkali tumbuh di sekitar pemukiman penduduk adalah Chlorophyllum molybdites. Hingga saat ini, Indonesia belum mempunyai database kasus keracunan jamur, meskipun kasus keracunan jamur liar telh bebrapa kali terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan informasi mengenai kasus keracunan C. molybdites di Indonesia. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif berbasis literatur. Pada 10 tahun terakhir, diduga telah terjadi sebanyak 4 kasus keracunan akibat Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites di Indonesia dengan total 34 orang korban dan tanpa ada yang meninggal dunia. Jamur ini diketahui mengandung senyawa toksik berupa racun protein polimerik. Hambatan utama terkait penentuan identitas taksonomi jamur beracun diantaranya adalah terbatasnya informasi dan dokumentasi sampel jamur yang menyebabkan keracunan di Indonesia. Pada tulisan ini dijelaskan cara pengenalan karakter C. molybdites, informasi persebaran, dan aspek toksisitasnya. Dengan adanya informasi yang lengkap sebagai media diseminasi ilmu mikologi, diharapkan kasus keracunan jamur liar bisa dicegah di masa mendatang di Indonesia

Wild edible mushrooms are one the germplasms which consumed by some people in Indonesia. However, due to the similar morpholgical appearance from one mushroom to another, cases of wild mushroom poisoning might be occurred as the result of the misidentification at foraging time. One of the common poisonous mushrooms which easily found around residence area is Chlorophyllum molybdites. To date, there is no database of mushroom poisoning cases in Indonesia. The aims of this research was to provide the information regarding C. molybdites poisoning cases in Indonesia. This is a literature-based quantitative research. During the last 10 years, it is suspected that there have been 4 cases of Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites poisoning in Indonesia with a total of 34 victims and none has died. This mushroom is known to contain toxic compounds, namely polymeric protein. The main constraint related to determining the taxonomic identity of poisonous mushroom, is the lack of information and documentation of samples that cause poisoning in Indonesia. This research explained how to recognize the character of C. molybdites, information on its distribution, and its toxicity aspects. With the complete information as a medium for disseminating mycology

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v7i1.1984

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