Email this article 
Hide
Show all
Population Structure and Anthropogenic Pressure of Sea Urchin Utilisation (Diadema setosum) on Shallow Coral Reefs of Dedap Island, Batam
Abstract
Background: Diadema setosum is a key species in maintaining coral reef stability through its role in controlling algal growth. However, exploitation for consumption and trade of its gonads by coastal communities has generated anthropogenic pressures that threaten population sustainability. This study aims to assess the population structure and utilisation pressure on D. setosum in the shallow coral ecosystem of Dedap Island, Batam City. Methodology: Observations were carried out at five stations using a 50-metre belt transect method with 5×5 m quadrat plots. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics to determine density and distribution, while correlation and regression analyses were applied to examine the influence of environmental parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and pH). Structured quantitative interviews with local fishermen were conducted to obtain information on harvesting practices. Results: The population density ranged from 0.180 to 0.292 ind/m², with a clustered distribution pattern observed at stations farther from human activity. Regression results indicated that temperature significantly increased density, while dissolved oxygen and pH had significant negative effects. Fishermen reported daily harvesting during low tide with yields of 2–3 kg of gonads per person. These findings demonstrate exploitation pressure on D. setosum, underscoring the need for ecosystem-based management. Contribution: The novelty of this study lies in integrating ecological surveys with socio-economic data, offering comprehensive insights for locally adapted conservation strategies.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Al-Risqia, S., Kurniawan, K., & Ambalika, I. (2021). Hogfish (Diadema setosum) Density in the Coral Reef Ecosystem of Karang Kering, Bedukang Waters, Bangka Regency. Journal of Tropical Marine Science, 4(2), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.33019/jour.trop.mar.sci.v4i2.2204 [In Indonesian language]
Alwi, D., Muhammad, S. H., & Tae, I. (2020). Morphological Characteristics and Ecological Index of Sea Urchins (Echinoidea) in the Waters of Wawama Village, Morotai Island Regency. Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, 4(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpikunipa.2020.vol.4.no.1.95 [In Indonesian language]
Aunkhongthong, W., Phoaduang, S., Wongnutpranont, A., Sutthacheep, M., Sangmanee, K., & Yeemin, T. (2020). Population densities of a sea urchin Diadema setosum on shallow reef flats in the Gulf of Thailand. Ramkhamhaeng International Journal of Science and Technology, 3(3), 13–20.
Ayyagari, A., & Kondamudi, R. B. (2014). Ecological significance of the association between stomopneustes variolaris (echinoidea) and lumbrineris latreilli (polychaeta) from Visakhapatnam coast, India. Journal of Marine Biology, 2014, 10–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/640785
Bronstein, O., Kroh, A., & Loya, Y. (2016). Reproduction of the long-spined sea urchin Diadema setosum in the Gulf of Aqaba - Implications for the use of gonad-indexes. Scientific Reports, 6(July), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29569
Cornwall, C. E., Boyd, P. W., McGraw, C. M., Hepburn, C. D., Pilditch, C. A., Morris, J. N., Smith, A. M., & Hurd, C. L. (2014). Diffusion boundary layers ameliorate the negative effects of ocean acidification on the temperate coralline macroalga Arthrocardia corymbosa. PLoS ONE, 9(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097235
Cossa, D., Infantes, E., & Dupont, S. (2024). Hidden cost of pH variability in seagrass beds on marine calcifiers under ocean acidification. Science of the Total Environment, 915(September 2023), 170169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170169
Dang, V. D. H., Cheung, P. Y., Fong, C. L., Mulla, A. J., Shiu, J. H., Lin, C. H., & Nozawa, Y. (2020). Sea Urchins Play an Increasingly Important Role for Coral Resilience Across Reefs in Taiwan. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7(December), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.581945
Delianis, P., Ana, A., Indriatmoko, Sri, S., & Dwi, H. (2016). The potency of sea urchin (Diadema setosum) gonad on brain cells of white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 10(2), 100–107.
Edmunds, P. J., Carpenter, R. C., & Paine, R. T. (2001). Recovery of Diadema antillarum reduces macroalgal cover and increases abundance of juvenile corals on a Caribbean reef. In PNAS (Vol. 98, Issue 9). www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.071524598
Efendi, Y., Nurdiana, J., Agustina, F., Campina, T., & Sefira, A. (2024). Population Density and Distribution Pattern of Sea Urchin (Diadema Setosum) in Abang Island, Batam. BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed, 6(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2024.6.1.9755
Hughes, T. P., Barnes, M. L., Bellwood, D. R., Cinner, J. E., Cumming, G. S., Jackson, J. B. C., Kleypas, J., Van De Leemput, I. A., Lough, J. M., Morrison, T. H., Palumbi, S. R., Van Nes, E. H., & Scheffer, M. (2017). Coral reefs in the Anthropocene. In Nature (Vol. 546, Issue 7656, pp. 82–90). Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22901
Krebs, C. J. . (2014). Ecology : the experimental analysis of distribution and abundance. 6Th edition. Edinburgh: Pearson ed ltd.
Mariu, A., Chatha, A. M. M., Naz, S., Khan, M. F., Safdar, W., & Ashraf, I. (2023). Effect of Temperature, pH, Salinity and Dissolved Oxygen on Fishes. Journal of Zoology and Systematics, 1(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.56946/jzs.v1i2.198
Marquez, J. F., Herfindal, I., Sæther, B. E., Aanes, S., Salthaug, A., & Lee, A. M. (2023). Effects of local density dependence and temperature on the spatial synchrony of marine fish populations. Journal of Animal Ecology, 92(11), 2214–2227. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14008
Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Costa, A. C., & Jones, M. B. (2016). Exploitation and Conservation of Echinoderms. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 47(September 2014), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420094220.ch4
Moka, W., Omar, S. B. A., Effendy, M. I., Parawansa, B. S., & Suwarni. (2024). Growth type of Diadema setosum on two different ecosystems in Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1410(1), Article 012004, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1410/1/012004
Morisita, M. (1959). Measuring of the dispersion and analysis of distribution patterns. Fukuoka: Faculty of Science, Kyushu University. Series E: Biology, 2, 215-235.
Muthiga, N. A., & McClanahan, T. R. (2007). Ecology of Diadema. Chapter 11. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 37(December 2007), 205–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9309(07)80075-5
Mukaka, M. M. (2012). Statistics Corner: A guide to appropriate use of Correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi,, 24(3), 69-71. www.mmj.medcol.mw
Nane, L. (2020). Utilisation of Diadema setosum Sea Urchin Eggs on Taliabu Island, North Maluku, Indonesia. Radar Ilmiah, 1(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/kmtuv [In Indonesian language]
Purwandatama, R. W., Suryanti, -, & Ain, C. (2013). Abundance of Sea Urchins on Massive and Branching Reefs in Flat and Tubular Areas in Legon Boyo, Karimunjawa Island, Karimunjawa National Park. Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (Maquares), 3(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.14710/marj.v3i1.4282 [In Indonesian language]
Sarifudin, M., Rahman, M. A., Yusoff, F. M., Arshad, A., & Tan, S. G. (2017). Influence of salinity variations on the embryonic and early larval development of long-spined black sea urchin (Diadema setosum). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 27(1), 316–324.
Silalahi, S., Nasution, S., & Thamrin. (2008). Density and distribution pattern of sea urchin population (Diadema setosum) on coral reef (reef flat) at Setan Island. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Riau (JOM FAPERIKA), 1(2), 1-7
Smith, K., & Elliott, M. (2016). Effects of changing salinity on the ecology of the marine environment. In M. Solan & N. Whiteley (Eds.), Stressors in the Marine Environment: Physiological and ecological responses; societal implications (pp. 161–174). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Vafidis, D., Antoniadou, C., Voulgaris, K., Varkoulis, A., & Apostologamvrou, C. (2021). Abundance and population characteristics of the invasive sea urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) in the south Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean). Journal of Biological Research (Greece), 28(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40709-02100142-9
Vimono, I. B., Borsa, P., Hocdé, R., & Pouyaud, L. (2023). Phylogeography of Long-spined Sea Urchin Diadema setosum Across the Indo-Malay Archipelago. Zoological Studies, 62, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-39
Yamamori, L., & Kato, M. (2020). Shift of Feeding Mode in an Epizoic Stalked Barnacle Inducing Gall Formation of Host Sea Urchin. IScience, 23(3), 100885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.100885
Zirler, R., Schmidt, L. M., Roth, L., Corsini-Foka, M., Kalaentzis, K., Kondylatos, G., Mavrouleas, D., Bardanis, E., & Bronstein, O. (2023). Mass mortality of the invasive alien echinoid Diadema setosum (Echinoidea: Diadematidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Royal Society Open Science, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230251
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v11i3.7920
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pitrin Octca Manihuruk, Yarsi Efendi, Fauziah Syamsi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Pembelajaran dan Biologi Nukleus (JPBN) by LPPM Universitas Labuhanbatu is under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY - SA 4.0). Official contact: Rivo +6281362238917