BREAK THE MYTH, GROW THE MATH MINDSET: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Abstract
Purpose – This article aims to examine the factors that influence and inhibit a math mindset and how to develop it. Some people still believe in several myths that mathematical intelligence is innate and only suitable for men. This myth not only fosters math anxiety but also hinders the growth of students' mindsets and the achievement of students’ academic goals.
Methodology – The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. After carrying out a search process using Publish or Perish for articles indexed by Scopus, 72 articles were obtained as the final result of several selection stages. These articles were reviewed one by one, allowing us to answer the Research Question (RQ) of this study.
Findings – The results indicate that two factors contribute to a math mindset, namely internal and external. Meanwhile, factors inhibiting a math mindset include math anxiety, family, and educators, as well as several other factors. Family and educators play important roles in debunking myths and fostering a growth mindset in math.
Contribution – The results of this study contribute to the efforts of the government, teachers, and parents in promoting the development of the mathematical mindset in children and students. By understanding that mathematical intelligence can be mastered by everyone without exception, the government, teachers, and parents can jointly implement a curriculum that emphasizes the importance of the learning process rather than the results.Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aditomo, A. (2015). Students’ Response to Academic Setback: “Growth Mindset” as a Buffer Against Demotivation. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 4(2), 198. https://doi.org/10.17583/ijep.2015.1482
Ajie, M. D. (2015). Teknik Temu Balik Informasi (Information Retrieval) dan Analisa Kapabilitas Pencarian Search Engine Google (www.google.com). In UPI.edu.
Anderson, R. K., Boaler, J., & Dieckmann, J. A. (2018). Achieving elusive teacher change through challenging myths about learning: A blended approach. Education Sciences, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8030098
Apiola, M., & Sutinen, E. (2020). Mindset and Study Performance: New Scales and Research Directions. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. https://doi.org/10.1145/3428029.3428042
Ayebo, A., & Mrutu, A. (2019). An Exploration of Calculus Students’ Beliefs about Mathematics. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(2), 385–392. https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/5728
Bettinger, E., Ludvigsen, S., Rege, M., Solli, I. F., & Yeager, D. (2018). Increasing perseverance in math: Evidence from a field experiment in Norway. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 146, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.11.032
Boaler, J. (2016). A Mathematical Mindset. Jossey-Bass. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/32/12/32
Boaler, J., Brown, K., LaMar, T., Leshin, M., & Selbach-Allen, M. (2022). Infusing Mindset through Mathematical Problem Solving and Collaboration: Studying the Impact of a Short College Intervention. Education Sciences, 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100694
Boaler, J., Dieckmann, J. A., LaMar, T., Leshin, M., Selbach-Allen, M., & Pérez-Núñez, G. (2021). The Transformative Impact of a Mathematical Mindset Experience Taught at Scale. Frontiers in Education, 6(December), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.784393
Boaler, J., Dieckmann, J. A., Pérez-Núñez, G., Sun, K. L., & Williams, C. (2018). Changing Students Minds and Achievement in Mathematics: The Impact of a Free Online Student Course. Frontiers in Education, 3(April), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00026
Bui, P., Pongsakdi, N., McMullen, J., Lehtinen, E., & Hannula-Sormunen, M. M. (2023). A systematic review of mindset interventions in mathematics classrooms: What works and what does not? Educational Research Review, 40(August), 100554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2023.100554
Campbell, A. L., Mokhithi, M., & Shock, J. P. (2021). Exploring mathematical mindset in question design: Boaler’s taxonomy applied to university mathematics. 9th Research in Engineering Education Symposium and 32nd Australasian Association for Engineering Education Conference, REES AAEE 2021: Engineering Education Research Capability Development, 2, 960–968. https://doi.org/10.52202/066488-0105
Carroll, J. M., Yeager, D. S., Buontempo, J., Hecht, C., Cimpian, A., Mhatre, P., Muller, C., & Crosnoe, R. (2023). Mindset × Context: Schools, Classrooms, and the Unequal Translation of Expectations into Math Achievement. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 88(2), 7–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12471
Chang, Y. L., & Wu, S. C. (2022). Designing Mindset Mathematics Teaching Materials in An Elementary Teacher Professional Development Supporting System. Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference on Society, Cybernetics and Informatics, IMSCI, 2022-July(Imsci), 76–77. https://doi.org/10.54808/IMSCI2022.01.76
Chestnut, E. K., Lei, R. F., Leslie, S. J., & Cimpian, A. (2018). The myth that only brilliant people are good at math and its implications for diversity. Education Sciences, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8020065
Choi, J., & Walters, A. (2018). Exploring the impact of small-group synchronous discourse sessions in online math learning. Online Learning Journal, 22(4), 47–64. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v22i4.1511
Cutler, C. S. (2020). Preservice Teachers’ Mathematical Mindsets During Pandemic-Induced Pivot to Online Learning. Frontiers in Education, 5(November), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.595264
Daly, I., Bourgaize, J., & Vernitski, A. (2019). Mathematical Mindsets Increase Student Motivation: Evidence from the EEG. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 15, 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2019.02.005
Degol, J. L., Wang, M. Te, Zhang, Y., & Allerton, J. (2018). Do Growth Mindsets in Math Benefit Females? Identifying Pathways between Gender, Mindset, and Motivation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(5), 976–990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0739-8
Dweck, C. S. (2022a). Mindset (Updated). Ballantine Books.
Dweck, C. S. (2022b). Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality, and development. Routledge -Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Eckerskorn, F., Schwab, C., & Frenzel, A. C. (2023). The (Joint) Effects of Self-Concept, Mindset, and Gender on Math Anxiety. AERA Online Paper Repository. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/2012173
Ershova, V. S., Gerasimova, I. O., & Kapuza, A. V. (2021). Math Is Not for Girl? Investigating the Impact of e-Learning Platforms on the Development of Growth Mindsets in Elementary Classrooms. Voprosy Obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow, 2021(3), 91–113. https://doi.org/10.17323/1814-9545-2021-3-91-113
Francome, T., & Hewitt, D. (2020). “My math lessons are all about learning from your mistakes”: how mixed-attainment mathematics grouping affects the way students experience mathematics. Educational Review, 72(4), 475–494. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2018.1513908
Galanti, T. M., & Miller, A. D. (2021). From High School to College Calculus: Beliefs about Sense-Making and Mistakes. Journal for STEM Education Research, 4(1), 73–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41979-020-00039-7
Gonzalez-DeHass, A. R., Furner, J. M., Vasquez-Colina, M. D., & Morris, J. D. (2023). Undergraduate Students’ Math Anxiety: the Role of Mindset, Achievement Goals, and Parents. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 4–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-023-10416-4
Hakim, L. L., & Nurlaelah, E. (2018). Mathematical mindsets: The abstraction in mathematical problem solving. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1132(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1132/1/012048
Harvey, C. (2020). Mindset Matters: Using Research-Based Strategies to Enhance Middle-School Math Instruction. Assupmtion College.
Heyder, A., Weidinger, A. F., Cimpian, A., & Steinmayr, R. (2020). Teachers’ Belief that Math Requires Innate Ability Predicts Lower Intrinsic Motivation Among Low-Achieving Students. Learning and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.101220
Heyder, A., Weidinger, A. F., & Steinmayr, R. (2021). Only a Burden for Females in Math? Gender and Domain Differences in the Relation Between Adolescents’ Fixed Mindsets and Motivation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(1), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01345-4
Hoeve, M. Van, Doorman, M., & Veldhuis, M. (2019). How can teachers influence their students’ (mathematical) mindset ? Eleventh Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education.
Huang, X., Zhang, J., & Hudson, L. (2019). Impact of math self-efficacy, math anxiety, and growth mindset on math and science career interest for middle school students: the gender moderating effect. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 34(3), 621–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0403-z
Im, S., & Park, H. J. (2023). A Mathematical Mindset Scale using the positive norms. Psychology in the Schools, 60(8), 2901–2918. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22904
Kaya, S., & Karakoc, D. (2022). Math Mindsets and Academic Grit: How Are They Related to Primary Math Achievement ? European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 10(3), 298–309. https://doi.org/10.30935/scimath/11881
Kaya, S., Yuksel, D., & Curle, S. (2023). The effects of language learning and math mindsets on academic success in an engineering program. Journal of Engineering Education, 112(1), 90–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20499
Kim, H., Kim, Y., & Park, D. (2021). The Relation between mother’s mindset and mother-child interaction in math: The mediating role of math anxiety. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 34(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/pISSN: 1229-0718
Kismiantini, Setiawan, E. P., Pierewan, A. C., & Montesinos-López, O. A. (2021). Growth mindset, school context, and mathematics achievement in Indonesia: A multilevel model. Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(2), 279–294. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.12.2.13690.279-294
Latterell, C. M. (2022). Mathematics, mindsets, and what it means to be do-ers of math. Irish Educational Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2022.2093253
Lee, H. J., Lee, J., Song, J., Kim, S., & Bong, M. (2022). Promoting Children’s Math Motivation by Changing Parents’ Gender Stereotypes and Expectations for Math. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(7), 1567–1588. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000743
Lee, J., Lee, H. J., & Bong, M. (2022). Boosting Children’s Math Self-efficacy by Enriching Their Growth Mindsets and Gender-fair Beliefs. Theory into Practice, 61(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2021.1932156
Lee, J., Lee, H. J., Song, J., & Bong, M. (2021). Enhancing children’s math motivation with a joint intervention on mindset and gender stereotypes. Learning and Instruction, 73, 101416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2020.101416
Lee, S. H., Lee, H. J., & Bong, M. (2021). Predicting Elementary School Children’s Math Motivation and Achievement with Parents’ Math Gender Stereotypes, Fixed Mindset, and Expectations. The Korean Educational Review, 27(4), 159–180. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.29318/ker.27.4.6
Levine, S. C., & Pantoja, N. (2021). Development of children’s math attitudes: Gender differences, key socializers, and intervention approaches. Developmental Review, 62(October). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2021.100997
Lin, S., & Muenks, K. (2023). Family context of mindset matters: Students’ perceptions of parent and sibling math mindsets predict their math motivation, behavior, and affect. Applied Developmental Science, 2015, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2023.2177163
Lovin, L., Busi, R., & Lovin, N. (2021). PreK‐8 prospective teachers’ mindsets and depth of learning in mathe.pdf. School Science and Mathematics, 121(7), 434–447. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12496
Lucini, M., & Boltz, S. (2023). Breaking Math Myths. Benjamin Franklin International School.
Lutovac, S., Hasari, M., & Kaasila, R. (2023). Fixed mindset as a challenge in teaching practice: A pre-service teacher’s experiences of received feedback. European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 11(1), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.30935/scimath/12563
Marcos-Pablos, S., & García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2018). Decision support tools for SLR search string construction. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 660–667. https://doi.org/10.1145/3284179.3284292
Massey, C. C., & Muhammad, E. A. (2023). Preservice Special Education Teachers’ Experience of a Math Methods Course: Examining the Development of Personal and Pedagogical Efficacy. Teacher Educator, 9–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/08878730.2023.2218860
Mayer, S. E., Kalil, A., Delgado, W., Liu, H., Rury, D., & Shah, R. (2023). Boosting Parent-Child Math Engagement and Preschool Children’s Math Skills: Evidence from an RCT with Low-Income Families. Economics of Education Review, 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102436
Meierdirk, C., & Fleischer, S. (2022). Exploring the mindset and resilience of student teachers. Teacher Development, 26(2), 263–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2022.2048687
Mielicki, M. K., Schiller, L. K., Fitzsimmons, C. J., Scheibe, D., & Thompson, C. A. (2022). Perceptions of ease and difficulty, but not growth mindset, relate to spesific math attitudes. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), 707–729. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12472
Mills, I. M., & Mills, B. S. (2018). Insufficient evidence: mindset intervention in developmental college math. Social Psychology of Education, 21(5), 1045–1059. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-018-9453-y
Moore, M. (2018). Mindset and Mathematics in an All-Girls Secondary School A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by. A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Charles Sturt University by Maureen Moore BA Dip Ed MA MEd Charles, August, 1–306.
Mrutu, A., Boekel, M. van, & Abulela, M. A. A. (2022). Path Analysis Between Growth Mindset and Math Achievement: A Systematic Review. AERA Online Paper Repository. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/1883641
O’Keefe, P. A., Horberg, E. J., Dweck, C. S., & Walton, G. M. (2023). A Growth-Theory-of-Interest Intervention Increases Interest in Math and Science Coursework Among Liberal Arts Undergraduates. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000798
Orbach, L. (2022). A latent profile analysis of math anxiety and core beliefs toward mathematics among children. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1509(1), 130–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14720
Park, D., Gunderson, E. A., Maloney, E. A., Tsukayama, E., Beilock, S. L., Duckworth, A. L., & Levine, S. C. (2023). Parental intrusive homework support and math achievement: Does the child’s mindset matter? Developmental Psychology, 59(7), 1249–1267. https://doi.org/https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/dev0001522
Parums, D. V. (2021). Editorial: Review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and the updated preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Guidelines. Medical Science Monitor, 27, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.934475
Petherbridge, A. N. (2020). Everyone can be “a math person”: The Role of the Growth Mindset in Mathematics Education. Colby College.
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). (2020).
Rahmah, N. (2018). The Nature of Mathematics Education. Al-Khwarizmi, 1(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.24256/jpmipa.v1i2.88
Ramirez, G., Hooper, S. Y., Kersting, N. B., Ferguson, R., & Yeager, D. (2018). Teacher Math Anxiety Relates to Adolescent Students’ Math Achievement. AERA Open, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858418756052
Rammstedt, B., Grüning, D. J., & Lechner, C. M. (2021). Measuring Growth Mindset: A Validation of a Three-item Scale and a Single-item Scale in Youth and Adults. Center for Open Science. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rs43g
Rule, A. C., Blaine, D. A., Edwards, C. M., & Gordon, M. (2019). Girls explore math careers by making 3D-constructions of diverse Women Mathematicians’ lives. Mathematics Enthusiast, 16(1–3), 541–578. https://doi.org/10.54870/1551-3440.1472
Saefudin, A. A., Wijaya, A., & Dwiningrum, S. I. A. (2023). Growth Mindset in Mathematics in Junior High School: A Reflection on Students ’ Mathematics Learning Activities in a Science Specialization Class. Proceedings of the 2nd UPY International Conference on Education and Social Science, 164–168. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-176-0
Saefudin, A. A., Wijaya, A., Dwiningrum, S. I. A., & Yoga, D. (2023). The characteristics of the mathematical mindset of junior high school students. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/12770
Safitri, I. (2024a). Should likert data be transformed using summated rating scale? A confirmatory factor analysis study on the continuous learning. Jurnal Eduscience (JES), 11(3), 790–801. https://doi.org/10.36987/jes.v11i3.6412
Safitri, I. (2024b). Transformation of Student Science Achievement Through Project-Based Learning (PjBL): A Meta Analysis Study. Scientiae Educatia: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains, 13(2). https://doi.org/DOI: 10.24235/sc.educatia.v13i2.18694
Safitri, I., Andriyanti, E., Ansyari, R., Harahap, R. D., Harahap, R. H., & Istiqlal, M. (2025). Character Education in Indonesia: Do Integrated Islamic Schools Outperform Public Schools? Journal of Education Culture and Society, 16(1), 251–270.
Safitri, I., Lestarani, D., Imtikhanah, R. D. N. W., Akbarini, N. R., Sari, M. W., Fitrah, M., & Hapsan, A. (2024). TEORI PENGUKURAN DAN EVALUASI. CV. Ruang Tentor.
Safitri, I., Rosnawati, R., & Ansyari, R. (2024). Estimasi Kesalahan Pengukuran dalam Penilaian Sidang Skripsi: Generalizability Theory Analysis. Afeksi: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 5(1), 162–168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35672/afeksi.v5i1.220
Samuel, T. S., Buttet, S., & Warner, J. (2022). “I Can Math, Too!”: Reducing Math Anxiety in STEM-Related Courses Using a Combined Mindfulness and Growth Mindset Approach (MAGMA) in the Classroom. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, August. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2022.2050843
Samuel, T. S., & Warner, J. (2021). “I Can Math!”: Reducing Math Anxiety and Increasing Math Self-Efficacy Using a Mindfulness and Growth Mindset-Based Intervention in First-Year Students. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 45(3), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2019.1666063
Saragih, M. J. (2019). Perlunya Belajar Mata Kuliah Aljabar Abstrak Bagi Mahasiswa Calon Guru Matematika. Jurnal Cendekia : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 3(2), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.31004/cendekia.v3i2.104
Schwitzgebel, E. (2023). Belief. In E. N. Zalta & U. Nodelman (Eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter edi). https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.187763
Seo, E., Shen, Y., & Alfaro, E. C. (2019). Adolescents’ Beliefs about Math Ability and Their Relations to STEM Career Attainment: Joint Consideration of Race/ethnicity and Gender. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(2), 306–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0911-9
Shen, C., Miele, D. B., & Vasilyeva, M. (2016). The Relation between College Students’ Academic Mindsets and Their Persistence during Math Problem Solving. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 9(3), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.11621/pir.2016.0303
Shoshani, A. (2021). Growth mindset in the maths classroom: a key to teachers’ well-being and effectiveness. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 27(8), 730–752. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2021.2007370
Song, S. (2022). Growth Mindset Training and the Effect of Math-Gender Stereotype Threat on Girl Students. Best Evidence in Chinese Education, 12(2), 1629–1634. https://doi.org/10.15354/bece.22.ab012
Song, Y., Barger, M. M., & Bub, K. L. (2022). The Association Between Parents’ Growth Mindset and Children’s Persistence and Academic Skills. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 6). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.791652
Stohlmann, M. (2022). Growth mindset in K-8 STEM education: A review of the literature since 2007. In Journal of Pedagogical Research (Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 149–163). https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202213029
Su, A., Wan, S., He, W., & Dong, L. (2021). Effect of Intelligence Mindsets on Math Achievement for Chinese Primary School Students: Math Self-Efficacy and Failure Beliefs as Mediators. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(March), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.640349
Sugandi, B. (2023). PISA, UN, dan Indonesia. Media Indonesia.
Supartono, J. W. (2021). 66 Persen Murid Indonesia Fixed Mindset, Apa Sudah Ada Penanganan? Indonesiana.
Suryanti, R., & Megawanti, P. (2022). Systematic Literature Review terhadap Rendahnya Minat Baca di Indonesia. Jurnal Inovatif Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(1), 33–51.
Wang, M. Te, Zepeda, C. D., Qin, X., Del Toro, J., & Binning, K. R. (2021). More Than Growth Mindset: Individual and Interactive Links Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Adolescents’ Ability Mindsets, Metacognitive Skills, and Math Engagement. Child Development, 92(5), e957–e976. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13560
Wolor, C. W., Nurkhin, A., & Citriadin, Y. (2021). Leadership style for millennial generation, five leadership theories, systematic literature review. Quality - Access to Success, 22(184), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/22.184.13
Xie, F., Duan, X., Ni, X., Li, L., & Zhang, L. (2022). The Impact of Parents’ Intelligence Mindset on Math Anxiety of Boys and Girls and the Role of Parents’ Failure Beliefs and Evaluation of Child’s Math Performance as Mediators. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(June), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.687136
York, A. M., Fink, A., Stoen, S. M., Walck-Shannon, E. M., Wally, C. M., Luo, J., Young, J. D., & Frey, R. F. (2021). Gender inequity in individual participation within physics and science, technology, engineering, and math courses. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 17(2), 20140. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.17.020140
Yu, Z., Zheng, Z., Yang, Y., & Li, Q. (2022). Research of the Influencing Factors and Mechanisms of Math Learning Motivation on Online Learning Engagement. Blended Learning: Engaging Students in the New Normal Era: 15th International Conference (ICBL), 194–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08939-8_17
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36987/jes.v12i6.7351
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Priarti Megawanti, Ray Wagiu Basrowi, Putri Rahmadani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.








1.jpg)






